Physical and chemical properties:
Appearance: Colorless transparent crystals or white crystalline powder, odorless and extremely sour in taste.
Solubility: Easily soluble in water (solubility at 20°C: 147g/100mL), ethanol. The aqueous solution is acidic, with a pH of approximately 2.3 for a 1% solution.
Stability: Stable at room temperature and in dry conditions. It readily deliquesces when exposed to water to form monohydrate citric acid. Heating to 175°C causes decomposition into oxalic acid, acetic acid, etc. It can undergo neutralization reactions with alkaline substances to form citrate salts.
Main applications:
Food grade: Can be used as an acidity regulator, adjusting acidity and enhancing flavor in beverages, juices, canned foods, etc.; as an antioxidant enhancer, combined with vitamin C to extend the shelf life of food; as a chelating agent, complexing metal ions in food to prevent food discoloration and deterioration; it can also be used in jams, jellies, etc., in combination with pectin to enhance gel stability.
Industrial grade: In wastewater treatment, it serves as a pH regulator, complexing heavy metal ions in wastewater from electroplating, dyeing, etc., improving the effluent treatment effect of flocculants; it can be used as a chemical raw material, as an acid salt and detergent for the production of intermediates for lemon products; it can also be used for metal surface descaling, rust removal, and as a chelating agent in the electroplating industry to stabilize metal ions in the electroplating solution.
Cosmetics and pharmaceutical grade: In cosmetics, it can adjust pH and act as a chelating agent to soften hard water; in the pharmaceutical field, it can be used as a pharmaceutical excipient to adjust the acidity of drug preparations, prepare citrate-type drugs, and also be used for the preparation of buffer solutions for in vitro diagnostic reagents.
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